Newton's Law

Newton's First Law

Any one will laugh if I were to say Vedas and scripts that are as old as them reveal physics that we now today.But it is the truth.I do not know much of quantum mechanics and stuff..but i feel even the definition of reality that i surfed through the net and read matches some concepts of the adwaitha vedantha.

The hindu religion is not potrayed at all by those who wear all types of wierd dresses and come on TV everyday morning and say this will happen to you if you do this or else you will die.This whole religion is based on facts and scientific principles. 

The thought about sul and its relationship with god is the end result of the religion and it does not convey any give and take policy between the two entities.but sadly that is how it is understood today.

Vedic physics is called as the vaissheshika shastra.(literally meaning : " the postulates tat are particular abt sum thing".)

The schools were of different types.

• NYAYA                       - LOGICAL 
• VAISHESHIKA            - PHYSICS 
• YOGA                         - METAPHYSICS
• SANKHYA                   - PHILOSOPHY 
• THARKA                     - DEBATE
• MEEMAMSA                - DOCTINES OF RIGHTEOUSNESS 
• VEDANTHA                 - VEDIC KNOWLEDGE 

The nyaya and vaisheshika schools were almost of same thought as physics involved logic.Each school of thought was well established with each SUTRAKARA ( the basic formulae and definition giver) VRITTI grantha (the book that explains the formulae and definitions) and baksha (explation for vritti).

This school of nyaya-vaisheshika (logical and physics) school were presided by rishi GAUTAMA and KANADA respectively,around 5000 YEARS BEFORE !!!!!! 

Rishi kanada gave 373 postulates including the definitions for force,speed,momentum and GRAVITY !!! (beleive me, i can show proof in my following notes-- gravity--they knew it before newton it is namedGRURUTHVAATH in sanskrit resembling the english word gravity ).

Now that the introduction to this shastra is done, let me start with basic postulates and move into the definitions of force gravity etc. 

• the whole world is made of either of the five things :   
•  1.fluid items       -- AAPA                                                                                        
•  2. Feild/force      -- VAYU                                                                                         
• 3.Atomic element.-- PRITHVI                                                                                         
• 4.Energy             -- Thejas                                                                                          
• 5.Space              -- AKASHA:
•  except for space, all other material items are made of discreete ANU(atom) that can be broken down to PARAMANU (sub atomic levels)

• ENERGY=MASS 

First let us take the definition of force.that is what is dealt in the first chapter. 

the formula 20 of the first chapter says ::

 SAMYOGA VIBHAAGA VEGHAANAAM KARMA SAMAANAM.      [ VAISHESHIKA SUTRA -- 1.1.20]

Samyoga -- Conjunction

Vibhaaga -- Disjunction

Veghaa   -- impulse creating actions

Karma -- FORCE !!

thus..force is that which causes conjunction,disjunction or an impetus.

 which implies .....

 FORCE IS A PUSH OR A PULL !! 

The very next defintion says... 

NA DRAVYANAAM KARMA.  [ VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 1.1.21]

NA - DON'T; DRAVYA - substance  ; KARMA-FORCE 

Do not thing the force is  the body itself.It is different. (it is external that we are talking here) 

Let me go back to the sixteenth postulate of the same chapter to explain further the exension of the same definition. 

It says .. 

Here comes newton's first law...Er...KANADA's LAW !! 

DRAVYASHRAYYAGUNAVAAN SAMYOGA VIBHAAGESHU AKAARANAM ITHI GUNA LAKSHANAM [ VAISHESHIKA SUTHRA 1.1.16]

Dravyashrayee-- in the body; GUNAVAAN -- attributes;SAMYOGA--CONJUNCTION;VIBHAGA-DISJUNCTION; AKARAANAM-- not the reason GUNA LAKSHANAM - charecters of attributes.

It says that conjunctions and disjunctions being caused by force, and that force is not the body itself.the body only possesses its own qualities. Thus it is implied that with only the body and its qualities(no external force), there is no change. NEWTON'S FIRST LAW !!!! 

A body continues to stay stationary without an external force !! 

Newton's Second law

the opening for last note was from sulbha sutra with bodhayana's theorem on right angled triangles.Now shall we go into the calculation of value of PI by our vedic scholors and then get back to our physics subsequently. 

Aryabhatta says in his work (aryabhateeyum) : 

" CHATHUR ADHIKAM SHATHAMASHADGUNAM DWISHASHTISTHATHA: SAHASRANAAM 

  AYUTHADVAYA VISHKAMBHYASYASANNO VRUTHTHA PARINAAHA: "  

This is the value of pi given in words. it means 3.146 !!! 

Yet another interesting fact about the science of light. Physics says that sunlight (white light) is split into 7 constituent colours.This fact is mentioned in the RIGVEDA (oldest of the Vedas) it says; 

SAPTHA SURYASYA RASAMAYAHA [RIG VEDA 5.45.9] 

SAPTHA - SEVEN ; SURYA -SUN 

It says. Seven horses draw the chariot of SUN. Meaning its constituents are seven in number.

With this interesting introduction, Let us get back to our Vaisheshika Sutras.

KARMA KARMA SAADHYAM NA VIDYATHE [ VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 1.1.11]

KARMA - Energy NA-Not SADHYAM- Possible

An energy cannot change into another energy without the intervention of work.

Now we shall move into discussing Potential and Kinetic energy by way of VAISHEHSIKA SUTRAS. The following two sutras may sound abstract but their meaning when put together makes sense.They explain the concept with the help of an example. 

ATMA SAMYOGA PRAYATNABHYAM HASTHE KARMA 

Atma- individual ; Prayatnam-effort ; karma - energy ; Hastha- Hand 

Link with an individual and his efforts, Produces energy. 

THATHA HASTHA SAMYOGAATH MUSAALE KARMA 

Work done by hand transfers karma into the body lifted by it. 

When we combine the above sutras, we infer that, 

" When hand lifts a body, although work is done by the hand, yet, the body develops potential energy.this illustrates that work done by one object on another can produce energy in the object " 

ABHIGAATAJE MUSALADOU KARMANI VYAKTHIREKAATH AKAARANAM HASTHA SAMYOGA: [VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 5.1.3] 

MUSALA-Pulverizer ; Akaaranam- not the reason ; Hastha- hand 

The pulverizer hits the base, and rebounds. This is a collision‟ or abhighata”. The energy generated in the pulverizor on account of the „collision‟ is not caused due to contact with hand.

THATHA AATMA SAMYOGO HASTA KARMANI [VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 5.1.4]

And because of same reasons, the link with self is not the cause of (generation of) energy in the hand (following the collision).

RISHI describes a perfectly elastic collision or recoil of polverizer with the base. The pulverizer rebounds while the hand is holding it passively. Maharishi kanada is aware that when the pulverizer hits the base, this action has an equal and opposite reaction. This becomes clear from the following sutras which imply that the pulverizer rises to its original height without any effort by holding hand

ABHIGHATHATH MUSALA SAMYOGAATH HASTHE KARMA [VAISHESHIKA SUTRA  5.1.5]

the two causes of generation of energy is the collision of body (pulorizer) with the base and hands contact with the body. 

ATHMA KARMA HASTA SAMYOGAATH CHA [VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 5.1.6]

in this way, energy generated can be due to the hands connection with the object or due to its link with itself. 

Thus put together : 

Something cannot have movement by its own. The force needs to be exerted on it from outside. The hand in this example, gets motion and thereby energy by different agents external to hand; either by the sefl i.e. force applied by the individual or by force applied on it by rebounding pulverizor.

As we are familiar with this background, now see KANADA,who lived in the BCs give us what is called Newton's Second law known today !!! 

This sutra that we are going to see as the first, we have already discussed, but we will just have a glance at it, because the law proposed by kanada has this as a base.

NODANA VISHESHA ABHAVAATH, NA URDHVAM NA THRAYYAG GAMANAM 

The projectile cannot move upwards or obliquely unless there is an impulse created. 

PRAYATNA VISHESHAAT NODANA VISHESHA:   [ VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 5.1.9]

Prayatna - EFFORT ; NODANA VISHESHA: - Change in momentum 

A particular prayatna ( FORCE X TIME ) Produces a Particular NODAN ( Change of momentum). !!!!! 

Prayatna means the effort of an individual.Total effort is force applied multiplied by the time.Kanada proposes that there is a fixed proportion between prayatna and nodana. 

NODANA VISHESHAATH UDAASANA VISHESHA: [VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 5.1.10]

nodana- Impulse (momentum) ; Udaasana- Rise 

A Particular momentum produces a particular rise of the projectile. 

This can be interpreted with the physics as we know today as ; 

if the body is at rest in the beginning, the momentum attained by it is equal to the nodana (or impulse) applied to it. For a body of given mass, a particular momentum produces a particular velocity. A particular initial velocity produces a particular maximum height attained by the projectile. It can be said thus that a particular impulse produces a particular height in a given projectile

Newton's Third law

Hope you have read my note two as well...Now before moving into physics that we usually do by vaisheshika sutra and its explanations, Let us start with the pythogorous theorem....er...i am sorry..i meant BODHAYANA's Theorem. 

Bodhayana's Sulbha suthra is a book containing geometry and its applications.It says, 

"Dheergha charutharskhanyaa rajju: paarshvamaanee thiryag maanee cha 

yath pruthag bhuthe kuru thasdath ubhayam karothi " 

It means that in  a right angled triangle, the sum of the sqaures of other two sides other than the longest side total to the longest side multiplied by itself. 

This calculation was given to frame the triangular frames in which pujas like fire worship were done.Thus is it BODHAYANA's theorem or....pythogorous theorem ??!! 

Now we shall move onto the discussion of ours on physics.Today i find in the sutras an asotnishing sutra that is the third law of newton that the whole world knows. [ vaisheshika sutra 1.1.14] we shall discuss this later in this note or in the next note. 

SADANITYAM DRAVYAVATH KARYAM KARANAM SAAMAANYA VISHESHA VIDHITHA DRAVYA GUNAAKARMAAGAMA VISHESHA:  [VAISHESHIKA SUTRA 1.1.8] (sutra 9 also talks of the same thing it is not discussed here as it is just an extension of this sutra) 

SAT- EXISTING ; DRAVYAVATH - Containing ;  AVISEHSHA: - RESEMBLANCE 

Any body’s mass needs to be wholly explained in terms of its constituent particles.

DRAVYANAAM DRAVYAM KAARYAM SAMAANYAM 

Dravyanaam dravyam - substance constituting substances 

Any substance comprising of two or more primary particle types requires a chemical reaction to generate it- the conjoining and break up of prexisting molecules.

DVITHVA PRABHRUTHAYA: SANKHYA: PRUTHAKTHVA SAMYOGA VIBHAGAASHCHA 

The “molecules” are stated as emerging from combinations between the fundamental entities 

KANADA further explains that Forces are necessary to bring about combination and break up of molecules and 

The combinations of particles to produce molecules result in substances with states very different from those of the original particles  in around six suthras in the beginning of fourth chapter. 

Thus he clearly differentiates between a chemical reaction and a physical reaction.

Now it is time to put down the third law of newton...the law actually proposed by maharishi kanada !! 

KARYA VIRODHI KARMA [ VAISHESHIKA SUTHRA 1.1.14] 

karya - Action Virodhi - opposite karma - Actiona (reaction in this case) 

EVERY ACTION HAS AN EQUIVALENT AND OPPOSITE REACTION !!!! 

Mouths wide open again ??? welll must be...then how wud u react if i said..the indians of those times knew how to design aeroplanes ?! YES !! they did know !! thre is this shastra by name VAIMANIKA SHASTRA by MAHARISHI BHARATHWAJA !! that explains the construction and working of AEROPLANES !!! we shall discuss this after discussing VAISHESHIKA SUTRAS.